Quartz 5

Unit 5 Languages Around the World-单元知识专题

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Unit 5 Languages Around the World - 单元知识专题

专题定位

本专题围绕人教版高中英语必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World（世界语言）整理，也是必修第一册的最后一个单元。解决的核心问题是：把单元里散落在听力、阅读、语法、写作各栏目的语言点串成一张可复习、可迁移的知识网，帮助你系统回顾”语言与文化”话题下的词汇、定语从句的关系副词（when / where / why） 这一高中核心语法、说明性文化类阅读（The Chinese Writing System）的解读方法，以及”博客写作”（blog about English study）的写作套路。

适用阶段：

  • 刚学完 Unit 5，需要梳理巩固；
  • 月考 / 期末复习，需要快速回顾本单元词汇、语法和阅读重点；
  • 学完全册，需要把 Unit 4 的关系代词与本单元的关系副词串联复习；
  • 写作训练，需要积累”提问题—给建议”类博客的表达素材。

涉及教材与栏目

教材单元涉及栏目本专题对应内容
必修第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the WorldReading and Thinking主阅读 The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present 深度解读 + 逐句解读
必修第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the WorldDiscovering Useful Structures定语从句的关系副词（when / where / why）+ 介词 + 关系代词
必修第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the WorldReading for Writing博客写作（a blog about English study）的句型与功能表达
必修第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the WorldListening and Speaking / Talking世界语言、英美英语差异等话题词汇

核心词汇

释义以教材与本单元语境为准；标 ★ 的为高频考点词。

单词词性英文释义中文释义单元例句常见搭配
★ symboln.a sign representing sth符号；象征… symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.a symbol of / stand as a symbol
★ symbolise (BrE) / -izevt.to be a symbol of象征；代表Many Chinese characters symbolise their meanings …symbolise sth
★ carvevt.to cut into a hard material雕刻… symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.carve sth into / on / carve out
★ bonen.the hard part of a body骨头；骨… animal bones and shells …to the bone / a bone of contention
★ shelln.a hard outer covering壳；贝壳… animal bones and shells …a sea shell / shellfish
★ classic / classicsn./adj.a great old work; of the highest quality经典作品；经典的… read the classic works …a classic novel / the classics
★ civilisation (BrE)n.an advanced stage of human society文明China is widely known for its ancient civilisation …ancient civilisation / Western civilisation
★ dynastyn.a line of rulers from one family王朝；朝代By the Shang Dynasty …the Qing Dynasty / a ruling dynasty
★ emperorn.the ruler of an empire皇帝Emperor Qinshihuang …(the) Emperor of …
★ unite / unifiedv./adj.to join together; joined as one统一；联合的Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states …unite A with B / a unified country
★ unityn.the state of being united团结；统一… uniting the Chinese people and culture.national unity / in unity
★ varietyn.a type; different kinds多样性；种类… leading to many varieties of dialects …a variety of / varieties of
★ dialectn.a form of a language方言；土话… many varieties of dialects and characters.speak a dialect / a local dialect
★ meansn.a method; a way方法；手段… an important means by which …a means of / by means of / by no means
★ regardn. / vt.respect; to consider尊敬；看待The high regard for the Chinese writing system …regard A as B / in / with regard to
★ calligraphyn.beautiful handwriting书法；书法艺术… known as Chinese calligraphy …practise calligraphy / a piece of calligraphy
★ charactern.a letter in Chinese; a person in a story文字；汉字；角色… today’s hanzi (Chinese characters).a Chinese character / a main character
★ affairn.an event; matters of public interest事件；事务… plays a greater role in global affairs …world affairs / current affairs / foreign affairs
★ appreciatevt.to value; to understand and enjoy欣赏；感激… beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history …appreciate sth / appreciate doing
★ nativeadj. / n.belonging to a place by birth本地的；本族的… native English speakers …one’s native language / a native of
★ referencen. / vt.a mention; to mention提到；参考What do the italicised words refer to?refer to / in / with reference to
★ attituden.a way of thinking or feeling态度；看法What is the attitude of the speaker …?attitude to / towards sth
★ strugglen. / vi.a hard fight; to fight hard斗争；挣扎；奋斗… it was a struggle.struggle with / struggle to do
★ point of viewn.an opinion观点；看法… a new point of view.from one’s point of view
★ despiteprep.in spite of尽管；不管… despite the many ups and downs …despite + 名词/动名词（不接 of）
★ ups and downsn.good and bad times起伏；盛衰… the many ups and downs in its history.经历起伏 / go through ups and downs
★ date back (to)v.to have existed since追溯到It dates back several thousand years …date back to + 时间 / date from
★ factorn.a fact causing sth因素；要素… one of the main factors …a key / major factor
★ tonguen.the organ in the mouth; a language舌头；语言The words felt strange on my tongue.mother tongue / on the tip of one’s tongue
★ majoradj. / n.great in importance; a main subject主要的；专业… the seven major states …a major reason / major in (a subject)
★ globaladj.of the whole world全球的… plays a greater role in global affairs.global affairs / global warming
★ increasingadj.growing in number or amount越来越多的；增加的… an increasing number of international students …an increasing number of + 复数名词
★ demandn. / vt.a strong request; to ask strongly要求；需求There is an increasing demand on English translators.in demand / demand to do / demand that …
★ semester / termn.half a school year学期semester（美）/ term（英）a new semester / the spring term
★ apartment / flatn.a set of rooms for living公寓apartment（美）/ flat（英）live in an apartment
★ petrol / gasn.fuel for cars汽油petrol（英）/ gas（美）a petrol station / fill up with gas

派生词补充：symbol → symbolise → symbolic；carve → carving；civilise → civilisation → civilised；unite → unity → united；vary → various → variety；regard → regardless (of)；appreciate → appreciation；refer → reference；struggle → struggling。

核心短语与固定搭配

短语释义例句（优先取自单元原文）用法提示
★ date back to (时间)追溯到It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu …= date from；只用主动，不用进行时/被动。
★ be known for因……而闻名China is widely known for its ancient civilisation …区别 be known as（作为……闻名）。
★ all the way through一直；自始至终… which has continued all the way through into modern times …= from beginning to end。
★ ups and downs起伏；盛衰… despite the many ups and downs in its history.复数形式。
★ at the beginning起初；开始At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.区别 in the beginning（最初）。
★ a picture-based language以图画为基础的语言… a picture-based language.复合形容词：名词 + based。
★ over the years多年来；经过这些年Over the years, the system developed into different forms …表一段时间。
★ lead to导致；通向… leading to many varieties of dialects …后接名词/动名词。
★ unite … into …把……统一成Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country.unite A into B。
★ be of great importance非常重要That writing system was of great importance in uniting …= be very important；of + 抽象名词。
★ no matter where / what / how无论哪里/什么/怎样… no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak …引导让步状语从句。
★ communicate in writing用书面交流… they can all still communicate in writing.in writing = in written form。
★ connect A with B把 A 与 B 联系起来… by which China’s present is connected with its past.connect A to / with B。
★ regard … as …把……看作The high regard for …（被动意义）/ People regard it as …regard A as B。
★ play a role in在……中起作用… plays a greater role in global affairs.= play a part in。
★ an increasing number of越来越多的… an increasing number of international students …= a growing number of；后接复数名词，谓语复数。
★ refer to指的是；参考What do the italicised words refer to?= mean / point to。
★ have trouble with (sth/doing)在……上有困难… I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening.= have difficulty (in) doing。
★ get used to (sth/doing)习惯于… helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk.to 是介词，后接名词/动名词。
★ depend on取决于；依赖I think it all depends on who you’re talking to.= rely on。
★ bridge the gap消除隔阂；弥合差距… only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.= close / narrow the gap。
★ keep … straight把……理清楚I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head …习语，表”分清、记住”。
★ give up (doing)放弃I told my mum that I wanted to give up.后接动名词。
★ by the way顺便说一下I knew what you meant, by the way.话题转移用语。
★ mind (sb) doing介意（某人）做Would you mind opening the window?mind 后接动名词。

重点句型

句型 1：定语从句的关系副词 when / where / why——本单元核心语法

  • 结构：先行词（表时间/地点/原因）+ 关系副词（when / where / why）+ 从句。
  • 例句（单元原文）：
    • It was a time when people were divided geographically.（when 表时间）
    • … one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.（where 表地点）
    • There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.（why 表原因）
  • 等价转换：
    • the day when = the day on which
    • the place where = the place in / at which
    • the reason why = the reason for which
  • 仿写：I will never forget the day when I first came to this school.

句型 2：no matter + 疑问词（无论……）

  • 例句（单元原文）：… no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
  • 结构：no matter + where / what / when / how / who + 从句（让步状语从句）。
  • 仿写：No matter how hard it is, I will never give up.
  • 辨析：no matter what 只能引导状语从句；whatever 既可引导状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。

句型 3：be of + 抽象名词（= be + 形容词）

  • 例句（单元原文）：That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
  • 结构：be of + great / much / no / some + 价值/重要性类抽象名词（importance / value / use / help / significance）。
  • 等价：be of great importance = be very important。
  • 仿写：The book is of great value to me.

句型 4：despite + 名词/动名词（尽管……）

  • 例句（单元原文）：China is widely known for its ancient civilisation … despite the many ups and downs in its history.
  • 结构：despite + 名词/动名词，表让步；= in spite of。
  • 注意：despite 后不接 of，也不直接接句子（接句子用 although / though）。
  • 仿写：Despite the rain, we went out.

句型 5：an increasing number of + 复数名词（越来越多的……）

  • 例句（单元原文）：… an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate …
  • 结构：an increasing / growing number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语。
  • 等价：more and more + 复数名词。
  • 仿写：An increasing number of students are learning Chinese.

句型 6：It was a time when … 那是一个……的时期

  • 例句（单元原文）：It was a time when people were divided geographically …
  • 结构：It was a time when + 从句（when 引导定语从句，修饰 a time）。
  • 仿写：It was a time when people wrote letters instead of emails.

核心语法

本单元语法焦点：定语从句的关系副词（when / where / why）

本单元在 Unit 4 关系代词（that / which / who / whom / whose）的基础上，学习关系副词 when / where / why，并复习”介词 + 关系代词”结构。

一、关系副词的基本用法

关系副词先行词在从句中充当等价结构例句
when表时间（time, day, year, the moment …）时间状语= at / on / in whichIt was a time when people were divided.
where表地点（place, country, the house …）地点状语= at / in / on whichone unified country where the system began to develop.
why表原因（the reason）原因状语= for whichThere are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.

关键：关系副词 when / where / why 在从句中作状语，不作主语或宾语，因此不可省略后用 that 替换。判断用关系代词还是关系副词，看从句是否缺主语/宾语：缺则用代词，不缺则用副词。

二、关系副词 vs 关系代词的判断（核心考点）

以先行词 “the day” 为例：

从句结构缺主/宾？关系词例句
I will never forget the day.（缺宾语）缺宾语that / which（可省）the day (that) I will never forget
I was born on the day.（不缺主宾，on the day 是状语）不缺when / on whichthe day when I was born

判断口诀：把先行词放回从句，若需加介词才是状语 → 用关系副词；若直接作主宾 → 用关系代词。

三、介词 + 关系代词

当关系副词可以拆为”介词 + which”时，可改写为”介词 + which”结构：

关系副词结构介词 + 关系代词结构
the day when …the day on which …
the house where …the house in which …
the reason why …the reason for which …

本单元原文例句：”… animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.”（= on which 替代 where，介词 on 提前）。

注意：介词后只能用 whom（人）或 which（物），不能用 that 或 who。

四、形式—意义—使用三步分析

以单元句 “Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.” 为例：

  1. 形式：先行词 country（地点）+ where + the Chinese writing system began to develop（从句主谓完整）。
  2. 意义：where 表”在这个统一的国家里”。
  3. 使用：从句主谓完整（system 是主语，began 是谓语），不缺主宾，故用关系副词 where，不用 that / which。

五、与 Unit 4 关系代词串联（必修一定语从句全貌）

单元语法点关系词
Unit 4关系代词（作主语/宾语/定语）that / which / who / whom / whose
Unit 5关系副词（作状语）+ 介词 + 关系代词when / where / why；prep + whom / which

单元阅读语篇深度解读

语篇 The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present 整体解读

维度解读
体裁说明文（expository writing），介绍中国书写系统（汉字）的发展与意义。
主题语境人与社会——语言与文化（language and culture），中华文明的延续。
主题思想中国书写系统（汉字）是中华文明延续的重要因素，它连接了过去与现在、统一了民族与文化。
作者态度自豪、赞颂；强调汉字的文化价值与国际影响。
写作意图让读者（尤其是国际学生）了解汉字的历史与价值，增强文化自信。
语言风格客观、严谨、有文化厚度，多用表”延续、连接、统一”的词（continue, connect, unite, regard, appreciate）。

文章结构（典型”时间线”说明文）

段落时间 / 主题关键信息
Para 1总起：中华文明与汉字中国古代文明延续至今，汉字是重要因素
Para 2起源（thousands of years ago）picture-based language；longgu（龙骨）；符号
Para 3商代（Shang Dynasty）发展为成熟的书写系统；地理分化导致方言
Para 4秦代（Qin Dynasty）秦始皇统一七国；书写系统统一方向；团结民族
Para 5连接古今现代人可读古籍；汉字发展为书法艺术
Para 6当代意义中国国际地位提升；越来越多国际学生欣赏中国文化

关键写作手法

  1. 时间线（chronological order）：按”起源→商→秦→现代→当代”的时间顺序组织，脉络清晰。
  2. 总分总结构：首段总起（汉字是文明延续的因素），中间按时间展开，末段回到现实意义。
  3. 主题句明确：每段首句多为主题句，便于 skim 和 scanning（本单元阅读策略训练点）。
  4. 文化词汇密集：civilisation, dynasty, emperor, calligraphy, classic 等词凸显文化主题。
  5. 被动语态突出客观：symbols were carved, the system was developed 等，强调事实而非施动者。

核心阅读策略：Scanning（扫读）

本单元训练的阅读策略是 scanning——快速浏览文本寻找特定信息（如日期、数字、名称）。例如：扫描全文找出所有表时间的词（thousands of years ago, the Shang Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, today），并写出每个时间发生的事，即可梳理出文章脉络。

逐句解读

选自 The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present。每句给出：原句 / 翻译 / 语言点 / 难点提示。

第 1 段（总起）

① China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.

  • 翻译：中国以其古代文明而闻名，这一文明一直延续到现代，尽管其历史上有许多起伏。
  • 语言点：
    • be widely known for 因……而广泛闻名。
    • which has continued … 定语从句，修饰 civilisation（现在完成时，表持续到现在）。
    • all the way through 一直、自始至终。
    • despite + 名词短语 尽管（后不接 of）。
    • ups and downs 起伏。
  • 难点：★ despite 引导让步状语；which 引导非限制意义的定语从句。

② There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.

  • 翻译：这之所以成为可能有很多原因，但其中一个主要因素就是中国书写系统。
  • 语言点：
    • reasons why … why 引导定语从句，修饰 reasons。
    • one of the main factors 主要因素之一。
    • has been 现在完成时，表从过去持续到现在。
  • 难点：★ why 引导定语从句修饰 the reason(s)。

第 2 段（起源）

③ At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.

  • 翻译：起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。
  • 语言点：
    • At the beginning 起初（区别 in the beginning）。
    • a picture-based language 复合形容词（名词 + based）。

④ It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.

  • 翻译：它可以追溯到几千年前使用龙骨——古代中国人在上面刻符号的兽骨和贝壳。
  • 语言点：
    • date back (to) 追溯到（只用主动）。
    • longgu—animal bones and shells … 破折号后是 longgu 的同位语。
    • on which symbols were carved “介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句，修饰 bones and shells。
    • were carved 被动语态。
  • 难点：★ “介词 + which” 替代 where；date back 只用主动。

⑤ Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.

  • 翻译：一些古代符号在今天汉字中仍然能看到。
  • 语言点：
    • can still be seen 情态动词被动语态。
    • hanzi 汉字（拼音借词）。

第 3 段（商代）

⑥ By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600–1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.

  • 翻译：到了商代（约公元前 1600–1046 年），这些符号已经成为一个发展成熟的书写系统。
  • 语言点：
    • By the Shang Dynasty 到了商代（by + 时间，表”到某时为止”，配过去完成时）。
    • had become 过去完成时（发生在过去某时之前）。
    • well-developed 发展成熟的（副词 + 过去分词构成复合形容词）。
  • 难点：★ by + 过去时间，主句用过去完成时。

⑦ Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.

  • 翻译：经过这些年，这一系统发展成不同形式，因为那是一个人们在地理上被分隔的时期，从而导致了多种方言和文字。
  • 语言点：
    • Over the years 多年来。
    • as 因为（连词，引导原因状语从句）。
    • a time when … when 引导定语从句，修饰 a time。
    • leading to 现在分词作结果状语。
    • varieties of 多种……。
  • 难点：★ as 表原因；when 引导定语从句；leading to 作结果状语。

第 4 段（秦代）

⑧ Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.

  • 翻译：秦始皇皇帝把七个主要诸侯国统一成一个统一的国家，在那里中国书写系统开始朝一个方向发展。
  • 语言点：
    • unite … into … 把……统一成……。
    • one unified country 一个统一的国家（unified 过去分词作定语）。
    • where … 关系副词 where 引导定语从句，修饰 country。
  • 难点：★ where 引导定语从句；unite vs unified（动词 vs 形容词）。

⑨ That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.

  • 翻译：那一书写系统在团结中国人民和文化方面具有极大的重要性。
  • 语言点：
    • be of great importance 非常重要（= be very important）。
    • in uniting 在团结……方面（in + 动名词）。
  • 难点：★ be of + 抽象名词 = be + 形容词。

⑩ Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.

  • 翻译：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都仍能用书面语交流。
  • 语言点：
    • no matter where / what 无论哪里/什么（让步状语从句）。
    • communicate in writing 用书面语交流。
  • 难点：★ no matter + 疑问词引导让步状语从句。

第 5 段（连接古今）

⑪ Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.

  • 翻译：书面汉语也成为连接中国现在与过去的重要手段。
  • 语言点：
    • an important means 重要手段（means 单复数同形）。
    • by which … is connected with … “介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句，修饰 means。
  • 难点：★ “by which” 替代 how；means 单复数同形。

⑫ People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.

  • 翻译：现代人能够阅读古人写的经典作品。
  • 语言点：
    • in modern times / in ancient times 在现代/古代。
    • the classic works 经典作品。
    • which were written … 定语从句，修饰 works（被动语态）。
  • 难点：which 引导定语从句修饰物。

⑬ The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.

  • 翻译：对中国书写系统的高度重视，可以从汉字发展为一种艺术形式——即被称为中国书法——中看出来，书法已成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
  • 语言点：
    • The high regard for 对……的高度重视（regard 作名词）。
    • can be seen in 可以从……中看出。
    • known as Chinese calligraphy 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 art form。
    • which has become … 非限制性定语从句，修饰 calligraphy。
  • 难点：★ 长句：多个定语/同位语嵌套；known as 作后置定语。

第 6 段（当代意义）

⑭ Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture.

  • 翻译：今天，中国书写系统仍是中国文化的重要组成部分。
  • 语言点：still 仍然（强调延续）。

⑮ As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.

  • 翻译：随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这一令人惊叹的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。
  • 语言点：
    • As 随着（连词，引导时间状语从句）。
    • play a greater role in 在……中发挥更大的作用。
    • global affairs 全球事务。
    • an increasing number of + 复数名词 越来越多的……（谓语用复数）。
    • appreciate 欣赏、感激。
  • 难点：★ an increasing number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语；as 表”随着”。

易错点整理

#错误形式正确形式错因防错提醒
1I will never forget the day when I spent with you.（缺宾）I will never forget the day (that/which) I spent with you.从句缺宾语却误用关系副词。缺主宾用关系代词；不缺用关系副词。
2This is the house where he lives in.This is the house where he lives. / the house (that) he lives in.where 与 in 重复。where 已含介词意义，不再加介词。
3The reason why he gave is unclear.（缺宾）The reason (that/which) he gave is unclear.从句缺宾却用 why。判断缺不缺主宾再选关系词。
4It dates back to several thousand years.（误加 to）It dates back several thousand years.date back 后误加 to。date back (时间) 或 date back to (时间点)；本句直接接时段不加 to。
5Despite of the rain, we went out.Despite the rain, we went out. / In spite of the rain …despite 误加 of。despite 后不接 of；in spite of 才有 of。
6Despite the rain, but we went out.Despite the rain, we went out.让步状语与 but 重复。中文”尽管…但…”中英语只用一个让步词。
7The system is of great important.The system is of great importance.of + 名词误用形容词。be of + 抽象名词（importance / value / use）。
8An increasing number of student is learning Chinese.An increasing number of students are learning Chinese.主谓一致与单复数错。an increasing number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语。
9The book which cover is red is mine.The book whose cover is red is mine.表所属误用 which。表”……的”用 whose（人或物）。
10This is the teacher with who I talked.This is the teacher with whom I talked.介词后误用 who。介词后用 whom（人）/ which（物）。
11No matter whatever happens, I’ll stay.No matter what happens, I’ll stay.no matter 后误用 whatever。no matter + 疑问词（what / how / where），不带 -ever。
12I’m looking forward to see you.I’m looking forward to seeing you.to 误当不定式。look forward to + doing（to 是介词）。
13Would you mind to open the window?Would you mind opening the window?mind 后误用不定式。mind + doing。
14He demanded me to leave.He demanded that I (should) leave.demand 误接 sb to do。demand + that 从句（should do）或 demand to do。
15It was a time which people were divided.It was a time when people were divided.表时间状语误用 which。a time 后用 when（从句主谓完整）。

写作素材与表达积累

本单元写作任务是 a blog about English study（关于英语学习的博客），核心是清楚描述问题 + 给出建议（describe a problem + give advice）。

博客结构（与单元 Reading for Writing 一致）

部分功能可用表达
开头引出话题 / 提问Hey, everybody, what are your biggest problems with …?
描述问题清楚说明自己的困难I’m having a lot of trouble with … / My biggest problem is … / I can’t … / … is a big difficulty for me.
给出建议提出解决方法You might try … / My advice is … / It’s very important to … / This worked for me.
结尾求助或感谢Any advice? / HELP! / Thanks in advance!

描述学习困难的句型

  • I’m having a lot of trouble with (my listening / grammar / vocabulary).
  • My biggest problem / headache is …
  • I can’t (understand / remember / catch) …
  • … is a big difficulty for me.
  • I have no idea how / what to …

给建议的句型

  • You might try (doing) …
  • My advice is (to do) …
  • It’s very important to …
  • This worked for me.
  • Have you tried (doing) …?
  • Why not (do) …?

提请求 politely（本单元 Listening and Talking 重点）

亲密程度句型
对亲密朋友Open the window. / Open the window, please.
一般关系Could you open the window, please?
对长辈/上级Would you mind opening the window, please?

规律：关系越疏远、对方越年长，请求句越长、越委婉（用疑问句 + mind / could）。

请求澄清的功能句（Asking for clarification）

  • Do you mean …? / Does that mean …?
  • I’m sorry. What does … mean?
  • Would you mind repeating …? / I beg your pardon.
  • So am I right in saying …? / So what you’re really saying is …?

英美英语差异词汇（高频常识考点）

中文英式英语 (BrE)美式英语 (AmE)
学期termsemester
公寓flatapartment
汽油petrolgas / gasoline
厕所toilet / loorestroom / bathroom
糖果sweetcandy
妈妈mummom
荣誉honourhonor
裤子trouserspants
地铁undergroundsubway

连接词与过渡

  • 表顺序：First, … Then, … Finally, …
  • 表因果：because, so, therefore, as a result
  • 表对比：but, however, while, whereas, on the other hand
  • 表举例：for example, for instance, such as, e.g.
  • 表总结：in short, all in all, to sum up

专题练习

一、词汇与短语（基础）

  1. 用所给词的正确形式填空（carve / unite / civilise / appreciate / refer / struggle / vary / demand）。

    (1) Symbols were ________ on animal bones by ancient Chinese people.
    (2) Emperor Qinshihuang ________ the seven major states into one country.
    (3) China is known for its ancient ________.
    (4) More international students are beginning to ________ Chinese culture.
    (5) What does the italicised word ________ to?
    (6) Learning a language was a ________ for me at first.
    (7) There are many ________ of dialects in China.
    (8) There is an increasing ________ for English translators.

  2. 选用方框中的短语填空（每个限用一次）。

    date back to　be known for　no matter where　be of great importance　despite　an increasing number of　play a role in　have trouble with

    (1) The Chinese writing system can ________ several thousand years.
    (2) China ________ its ancient civilisation.
    (3) ________ Chinese people live, they can communicate in writing.
    (4) The system ________ in uniting the people.
    (5) ________ the ups and downs, the civilisation has continued.
    (6) ________ students are learning Chinese.
    (7) China ________ a greater role in global affairs now.
    (8) I ________ my listening comprehension.

二、语法（巩固）

  1. 用合适的关系词填空（when / where / why / that / which / who / whom / whose，或”介词 + 关系代词”）。

    (1) It was a time ________ people were divided geographically.
    (2) Emperor Qin united the states into one country ________ the system began to develop.
    (3) There are many reasons ________ people learn a foreign language.
    (4) I will never forget the day ________ I first came to this school.
    (5) This is the house ________ Lu Xun once lived.
    (6) The book ________ cover is red is mine.
    (7) The teacher with ________ I talked is very kind.
    (8) This is the best film ________ I have ever seen.

  2. 判断正误并改正。

    (1) Despite of the rain, we went out.
    (2) An increasing number of student is learning Chinese.
    (3) This is the house where he lives in.

三、句型与写作（提升）

  1. 用 despite 改写：Although it rained heavily, we went out.（保持句意）

  2. 用 no matter where 改写：Wherever Chinese people live, they can communicate in writing.

  3. 写一篇不少于 80 词的博客，描述你在英语学习中的一个困难，并给出两条建议。要求：

    • 包含”提问 → 描述问题 → 给建议 → 结尾”的结构；
    • 至少使用 2 种给建议的句型；
    • 至少使用 5 个本单元词汇或短语。

练习答案与解析

一、词汇与短语

  1. (1) carved（be carved 被雕刻，被动）。
    (2) united（unite 统一，过去时）。
    (3) civilisation（ancient civilisation 古代文明）。
    (4) appreciate（appreciate 欣赏）。
    (5) refer（refer to 指的是）。
    (6) struggle（a struggle 一场斗争/难事）。
    (7) varieties（varieties of 多种……）。
    (8) demand（a demand for 对……的需求）。

  2. (1) date back to（追溯到）。
    (2) is known for（因……而闻名）。
    (3) No matter where（无论哪里）。
    (4) was / is of great importance（非常重要）。
    (5) Despite（尽管，后不接 of）。
    (6) An increasing number of（越来越多的，后接复数名词）。
    (7) plays / is playing（play a role in 在……中起作用）。
    (8) have trouble with（在……上有困难）。

二、语法

  1. (1) when（先行词 a time 表时间，从句主谓完整）。
    (2) where（先行词 country 表地点，从句主谓完整）。
    (3) why（先行词 reasons 表原因）。
    (4) when / on which（先行词 the day 表时间）。
    (5) where / in which（先行词 the house 表地点）。
    (6) whose（表”书的”，作定语）。
    (7) whom（介词 with 后用 whom）。
    (8) that（先行词 film 被最高级 the best 修饰，只能用 that）。

  2. (1) 错。改正：Despite the rain, we went out.（解析：despite 后不接 of；或用 In spite of the rain。）
    (2) 错。改正：An increasing number of students are learning Chinese.（解析：an increasing number of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语。）
    (3) 错。改正：This is the house where he lives. / This is the house (that) he lives in.（解析：where 已含 in 的意义，不能再用 in；或保留 in 用 that。）

三、句型与写作

  1. Despite the heavy rain, we went out.
    （解析：Although + 句子 → Despite + 名词短语；heavy rain 是名词短语。）

  2. No matter where Chinese people live, they can communicate in writing.
    （解析：Wherever = No matter where，引导让步状语从句。）

  3. 参考范文：

Learning English

Hey, everybody! What’s your biggest problem with learning English?

For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem. There are just SO MANY new words! I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly. I also have a lot of trouble with my listening—when I listen to native speakers, I can catch only a few words. HELP!

Here is what worked for me. First, you might try keeping a word bank—organise new words by topic or by root, and review them every day. My advice is to use each new word in a sentence of your own. Second, it’s very important to listen to English radio every day; it helps you get used to how fast native speakers talk.

Any other advice? Thanks in advance!

（点评：包含”提问 → 描述问题 → 给建议 → 结尾”四段结构；使用 you might try / My advice is / it’s very important to 等给建议句型；用上 have trouble with / get used to / keep … straight / work for me 等单元词汇。）

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