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Unit 3 Sports and Fitness-单元知识专题

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Unit 3 Sports and Fitness - 单元知识专题

专题定位

本专题围绕人教版高中英语必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness（体育运动与健康）整理。解决的核心问题是：把单元里散落在听力、阅读、语法、写作各栏目的语言点串成一张可复习、可迁移的知识网，帮助你系统回顾体育话题下的词汇、反意疑问句（tag questions）这一高考高频语法、人物传记类阅读（Living Legends）的解读方法，以及”健康日记”（a page in a wellness book）的写作套路。

适用阶段：

  • 刚学完 Unit 3，需要梳理巩固；
  • 月考 / 期末复习，需要快速回顾本单元词汇、语法和阅读重点；
  • 写作训练，需要积累”对比过去与现在”（similarities and differences）的表达素材。

涉及教材与栏目

教材单元涉及栏目本专题对应内容
必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and FitnessReading and Thinking主阅读 Living Legends of Sports（Lang Ping + Michael Jordan）深度解读 + 逐句解读
必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and FitnessDiscovering Useful Structures反意疑问句（tag questions）的构成、回答与语调
必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and FitnessReading for Writing健康日记（Going Positive / a page in a wellness book）的句型与对比表达
必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and FitnessListening and Speaking / Talking邀请、同意/不同意等话题功能句

核心词汇

释义以教材与本单元语境为准；标 ★ 的为高频考点词。

单词词性英文释义中文释义单元例句常见搭配
★ athleten.a person who competes in sports运动员They must be athletes who are masters in their sports.a professional athlete / track-and-field athlete
★ champion / championshipn.a winner; a contest to find the best冠军；锦标赛… world champions! / world championshipsbecome champion / win the championship
★ honour (BrE) / honor (AmE)n. / vt.great respect; to respect荣誉；尊敬Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.in honour of / feel honoured to do
★ gloryn.great fame and honour荣耀；光荣… brought honour and glory to her country.win glory for / achieve glory
★ medaln.a piece of metal given as a prize奖牌；勋章… led the team to medals at world championships.win a gold / silver / bronze medal
★ coachn. / vt.a person who trains athletes; to train教练；训练As a coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team …a head coach / coach sb in (sth)
★ mastern. / vt.an expert; to learn thoroughly大师；掌握… athletes who are masters in their sports.a master of / master (a skill)
★ determinationn.firmness of purpose决心；果断Her determination was tested.with determination / show determination
★ determinevt.to decide firmly; to find out决定；查明(派生) She determined to win.determine to do / be determined to do
★ injure / injuryv./n.to hurt; a wound使受伤；伤害One of the best players had been injured.be injured in / suffer an injury
★ captainn.the leader of a team队长；船长… the team captain had to leave …the captain of (a team)
★ failuren.lack of success; sb/sth that fails失败；失败的人/事… learning from his failures.end in failure / a failure at sth
failvi. / vt.to be unsuccessful失败；不及格everyone fails at somethingfail (in) an exam / fail to do
★ strengthn.quality of being strong; power力量；强度… mental strength …physical / mental strength / the strength to do
★ gracefuladj.moving in a smooth, attractive way优雅的；优美的… his graceful moves and jumps.a graceful dancer / graceful movement
★ impressiveadj.making a deep impression给人深刻印象的Jordan’s skills were impressive …an impressive performance
★ uniqueadj.being the only one of its kind独特的… the mental strength … made him unique.be unique to / a unique style
★ competevi.to take part in a contest竞争；比赛Children who compete in a sport …compete in / against / for
★ pretendv.to act as if sth is true假装A soccer player should not pretend to fall down …pretend to do / pretend that …
★ cheatv. / n.to act dishonestly; a dishonest person欺骗；作弊；骗子You should never cheat.cheat in an exam / cheat sb (out of sth)
★ audiencen.the people watching a show观众；听众… the audience wants fair play.a large audience / target audience
★ stressn. / vt.pressure; to emphasize压力；强调… learn how to deal with stress …under stress / stress the importance of
★ eventn.a planned occasion; a contest事件；比赛项目… an e-sports event this weekend.a sports event / track-and-field events
★ sweatn. / vi.liquid from the skin; to produce sweat汗水；出汗Sweat your way to good health!sweat heavily / break into a sweat
★ fitnessn.the state of being healthy and strong健康；适合… thinking about fitness rather than weight.physical fitness / a fitness centre
★ slimadj.attractively thin苗条的；纤细的… look like the slim girls on TV.a slim figure / keep slim
★ dietn.the food one usually eats; a limited eating plan日常饮食；节食… tried every new diet I read about online.a balanced diet / be on a diet
★ comparevt.to examine similarities and differences比较；对比I stopped comparing myself with actresses …compare A with / to B / compared with
★ rather thanprep.instead of而不是Rather than cutting out the foods … I added healthy foods.后接名词/动名词/动词原形
★ positiveadj.hopeful; confident; certain积极的；肯定的By being positive about myself …a positive attitude / think positive
★ give upphr. v.to stop trying放弃… practise harder and never give up.give up doing / give oneself up
★ lose heartphr.to become discouraged灰心丧气Lang Ping did not lose heart.反义 take heart
★ set a good examplephr.to behave well for others to follow树立榜样… set good examples for others.set an example to / for sb

派生词补充：honour → honourable；glory → glorious；determine → determination；injure → injury → injured；fail → failure；strong → strength → strengthen；grace → graceful → gracefully；compete → competition → competitor → competitive；health → healthy → fitness → fit。

核心短语与固定搭配

短语释义例句（优先取自单元原文）用法提示
★ bring honour and glory to为……带来荣誉Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.to 后接国家/集体/人。
★ lead … to medals / to gold带领……夺得奖牌/金牌She led the China women’s volleyball team to medals …lead sb to + 名词。
★ at home and abroad在国内外Lang Ping is loved by fans at home and abroad.= at home and overseas。
★ fall apart破裂；瓦解The team … was falling apart.也可指关系/计划崩溃。
★ lose heart灰心Lang Ping did not lose heart.反义 take heart 振作。
★ work together as a team团队协作… if they worked together as a team.as 表”作为”。
★ stand still静止；停下… the time seemed to stand still.still 形容词作表语。
★ become / be known as作为……而闻名The player who became known as “Air Jordan” …区别 be known for。
★ change … with his moves用动作改变……… changed basketball with his graceful moves.with 表方式。
★ in the final seconds of在最后几秒In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always …表时间”在……的最后”。
★ find a way to win找到取胜的办法Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.to win 不定式作定语。
★ the secret to (sth/doing)……的秘诀… the secret to his success is learning from his failures.to 是介词，后接名词/动名词。
★ learn from从……中学习… learning from his failures.后接名词/动名词。
★ give up (doing)放弃（做）… never give up.后接动名词。
★ share sth with sb与某人分享某物… share his success with others.share A with B。
★ compete for one’s country为国参赛… if he/she is competing for his/her country.compete for 为……而竞争。
★ pretend to do假装做… should not pretend to fall down …后接动词原形。
★ deal with处理；应付… learn how to deal with stress …= handle / cope with。
★ compare A with / to B把 A 与 B 比较I stopped comparing myself with actresses …compare with 侧重对比；compare to 侧重比喻。
★ rather than而不是Rather than cutting out the foods … I added healthy foods.并列连词，前后形式对称。
★ instead of而不是；代替Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos” …后接名词/动名词。
★ cut out删掉；戒除Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed …cut up 切碎；cut down 削减。
★ make a difference产生影响；起作用I had no idea a letter could make such a difference!make a big / no difference。
★ work out锻炼；解决Come and work out at a gym!workout（n.）一次锻炼。
★ lose weight减肥If you want to lose weight, too …反义 put on / gain weight。
★ go bananas发疯；抓狂I almost went bananas, too.习语，go + 形容词表”变成……状态”。
★ have a go (at sth)尝试Would you like to have a go at karst climbing?= have a try。

重点句型

句型 1：反意疑问句（Tag Question）——本单元核心语法

  • 结构：前肯 + 后否 / 前否 + 后肯，附在陈述句后请求确认。
  • 例句（单元原文）：
    • It’s not a real sport, is it?（前否后肯）
    • That sounds interesting, doesn’t it?（前肯后否）
    • You come here often, don’t you?（前肯后否）
  • 回答原则：Yes/No 以事实为准，与中文相反——事实是肯定的就用 Yes + 肯定；事实是否定的就用 No + 否定。
    • “You didn’t go, did you?” — “Yes, I did.”（去了）/ “No, I didn’t.”（没去）
  • 仿写：It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?

句型 2：The secret to … is doing … ……的秘诀是做……

  • 例句（单元原文）：Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.
  • 结构：The secret to + 名词/动名词 + is + 名词/动名词。
  • 仿写：The secret to learning English is practising every day.

句型 3：instead of / rather than 并列”而不是”

  • 例句（单元原文）：
    • Instead of asking “Am I fat?” I should be asking “Am I fit?”
    • Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods …
  • 辨析：instead of + 名词/动名词；rather than 可接动词原形/名词/动名词，前后形式对称。
  • 仿写：Rather than watch TV, I will read a book.

句型 4：I can accept … But I can’t accept … 我能接受……但我不能接受……（对比强调）

  • 例句（单元原文）：“I can accept failure, everyone fails at something. But I can’t accept not trying.”
  • 结构：用 but 连接两个对比的 can / can’t 句，凸显态度。
  • 仿写：I can make mistakes, but I can’t accept giving up.

句型 5：Once … , … 一旦……就……

  • 例句（单元原文）：Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.
  • 结构：Once 作连词，引导时间状语从句，表”一旦”。
  • 仿写：Once you start, you won’t want to stop.

句型 6：By doing …, … 通过做……，……

  • 例句（单元原文）：By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier.
  • 结构：By + 动名词作方式状语，表”通过……方式”。
  • 仿写：By reading every day, you can improve your English.

核心语法

本单元语法焦点：反意疑问句（Tag Questions）

反意疑问句是附在陈述句后的简短疑问，用于请求确认或寻求认同，是本单元的核心语法，也是高考口语与写作中的高频功能句。

一、基本构成原则

核心口诀：前肯后否，前否后肯；附句动词与主句对应；主语用相应代词。

主句类型附加疑问例句
肯定陈述否定疑问You come here often, don’t you?
否定陈述肯定疑问It’s not a real sport, is it?
含 never/hardly/few/little 等否定词肯定疑问He never comes late, does he?

二、特殊情况（高考高频考点）

主句特征附加疑问形式例句
主句含 I amaren’t I?I am late, aren’t I?
主句含 everything / nothing 等不定代词作主语doesn’t it / isn’t it?Everything is OK, isn’t it?
主句含 there be保留 thereThere is a game, isn’t there?
主句含 let’s …shall we?Let’s go, shall we?
主句含 Let us …will you?Let us go, will you?
祈使句（肯定）will you / won’t you?Open the door, will you?
主句含 think / believe / suppose + 宾语从句与从句一致I think he is right, isn’t he?
主句含表示”否定转移”的 think（I don’t think …）肯定（前否后肯）I don’t think he is right, is he?
主句含 used to dodidn’t + 主语 / usedn’t + 主语He used to smoke, didn’t he?
主句含 have to / had todon’t / didn’t + 主语He has to go, doesn’t he?

三、回答原则（中英差异——最大易错点）

英语回答以事实为依据，与中文相反：

  • “You went, didn’t you?” → “Yes, I did.”（= 不，我去了）→ 事实是去了
  • “You didn’t go, did you?” → “No, I didn’t.”（= 是的，我没去）→ 事实是没去

记住：Yes 永远接肯定动作，No 永远接否定动作，不论问句是前肯还是前否。

四、语调（与单元 Pronunciation 栏目对应）

语调含义例句
升调 ↗真的不确定，在询问You’ve lost some weight ↗, haven’t you?（不确定，想确认）
降调 ↘已知答案，在寻求认同Wonderful gym ↘, isn’t it?（觉得很棒，希望对方附和）

单元阅读语篇深度解读

语篇 Living Legends of Sports 整体解读

维度解读
体裁人物介绍 / 传记性短文（biographical profile），分别介绍两位”活着的体育传奇”。
主题语境人与社会——体育精神、榜样力量（sportsmanship, role models）。
主题思想真正的体育传奇不只是技艺高超（master），还要意志坚强、有决心、能从失败中学习、为社会树立榜样。
作者态度赞颂、敬佩；通过具体事例证明两人是”living legends”。
写作意图让读者理解什么是真正的体育精神，思考成功的含义。
语言风格评价性强，多用评价性形容词（impressive, graceful, unique, determined）；夹叙夹议。

文章结构

段落人物主要内容关键品质
引言——提出”Living Legends”的标准：master + set a good example——
Para 1Lang Ping（郎平）作为球员/教练/个人的成就 + 2015 世界杯危机与逆转荣誉、决心、不放弃
Para 2Michael Jordan（乔丹）球技（Air Jordan）+ 精神力量 + 从失败学习 + 公益俱乐部优雅、独特、毅力、分享

关键写作手法

  1. 总分结构（listing + example）：先给出”传奇”的标准，再用两个例子分别证明。
  2. 细节支撑品质：用 2015 世界杯的具体危机（球员受伤、队长离队）证明 Lang Ping 的”决心”；用”最后几秒总能赢”证明 Jordan 的”精神力量”。
  3. 直接引语（quotation）：引用 Jordan 的话 “I can accept failure… but I can’t accept not trying.” 凸显人物信念。
  4. 比喻与夸张：“the time seemed to stand still” 用夸张渲染 Jordan 跳跃的震撼。

核心阅读策略：Make Predictions（预测）

本单元训练的阅读策略是读前预测：通过标题、图片、已有知识预测文章内容，激活背景知识，降低理解难度。例如看到 “Living Legends” + 两人照片，可预测文章会介绍两位伟大运动员及其成就。

逐句解读

选自 Living Legends（Lang Ping + Michael Jordan）与 Going Positive（写作范文）。每句给出：原句 / 翻译 / 语言点 / 难点提示。

引语段（标准说明）

① Help us choose some “Living Legends of Sports”.

  • 翻译：帮助我们评选一些”体育活传奇”。
  • 语言点：
    • Help sb (to) do 帮某人做。
    • Living Legends 活着的传奇（首字母大写表专称）。
  • 难点：help 后接不带 to 的不定式。

② They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.

  • 翻译：他们必须是运动项目中的大师级运动员，同时也要为他人树立良好的榜样。
  • 语言点：
    • who are masters … and also set … 定语从句，修饰 athletes（who 作主语）。
    • master n. 大师 → be a master in sth。
    • set a good example for / to sb 为……树立榜样。
  • 难点：定语从句中并列两个谓语（are … and set …）。

Lang Ping 段

③ As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.

  • 翻译：作为球员，郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉与光荣。
  • 语言点：
    • As a player 介词短语作状语，as = “作为”。
    • bring honour and glory to … 为……带来荣誉。
  • 难点：as 表身份，区别 like（像）。

④ As a coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics.

  • 翻译：作为教练，她带领中国女排在世锦赛和奥运会上夺得奖牌。
  • 语言点：
    • lead sb to medals 带领某人夺得奖牌（to 表结果）。
    • world championships 世锦赛。
  • 难点：medals 此处是”奖牌”的泛指。

⑤ As a person, Lang Ping is loved by fans at home and abroad.

  • 翻译：作为一个人，郎平受到国内外球迷的爱戴。
  • 语言点：
    • is loved by 被动语态。
    • at home and abroad 国内外。

⑥ When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination was tested.

  • 翻译：当中国队在备战 2015 年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。
  • 语言点：
    • was preparing for 过去进行时，表”当时正在准备”。
    • determination was tested 被动语态，“决心受到考验”。
  • 难点：when 引导时间状语从句。

⑦ The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart.

  • 翻译：郎平组建的那支球队正在瓦解。
  • 语言点：
    • that Lang Ping had built 定语从句，修饰 team（过去完成时，发生在 was falling apart 之前）。
    • fall apart 破裂、瓦解（过去进行时，表当时正在发生）。
  • 难点：★ 过去完成时与过去进行时的配合使用。

⑧ One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.

  • 翻译：一名最好的球员受伤了，队长因为心脏问题不得不离开。
  • 语言点：
    • had been injured 过去完成时被动语态（受伤发生在过去某时之前）。
    • had to leave 不得不离开。
    • because of + 名词 因为……。
  • 难点：because of 后接名词/动名词，because 后接句子。

⑨ Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart.

  • 翻译：失去两名重要球员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平没有灰心。
  • 语言点：
    • Losing two important players 动名词短语作主语。
    • lose heart 灰心；反义 take heart。
  • 难点：动名词作主语，谓语用单数（was）。

⑩ She had faced difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team.

  • 翻译：她以前面对过困难，她知道如果年轻球员作为一个团队协作，他们就能赢。
  • 语言点：
    • that her young players could win … 宾语从句。
    • if they worked together as a team 条件状语从句。
  • 难点：主从句时态呼应（knew 过去时 → could win / worked 过去时）。

⑪ Two weeks later, they were world champions!

  • 翻译：两周后，他们成了世界冠军！
  • 语言点：Two weeks later 两周后（过去时语境）；world champions 世界冠军。

⑫ Then in 2016, Lang Ping led her volleyball team to Olympic gold in Brazil.

  • 翻译：然后在 2016 年，郎平带领她的排球队在巴西夺得奥运金牌。
  • 语言点：
    • lead sb to Olympic gold 带领某人夺得奥运金牌。
    • gold n. 金牌（= gold medal）。

Michael Jordan 段

⑬ When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground, the time seemed to stand still.

  • 翻译：当迈克尔·乔丹的双脚离地时，时间似乎静止了。
  • 语言点：
    • When … left the ground 时间状语从句。
    • seemed to stand still 似乎静止（seem to do；still 形容词作表语）。
  • 难点：★ stand still 用夸张手法渲染乔丹跳跃的震撼，是本段的”点睛之笔”。

⑭ The player who became known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.

  • 翻译：这位后来被称为”飞人乔丹”的球员，用他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球。
  • 语言点：
    • who became known as “Air Jordan” 定语从句，修饰 player。
    • become known as 作为……而闻名。
    • change … with … 用……改变……。
  • 难点：become known as 区别 be known for。

⑮ Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.

  • 翻译：乔丹的球技令人赞叹，但他展现出的精神力量使他与众不同。
  • 语言点：
    • were impressive 令人赞叹（修饰事物用 -ing）。
    • that he showed 定语从句，修饰 mental strength。
    • made him unique make + 宾语 + 形容词宾补。
  • 难点：★ make + 宾语 + 宾补结构；unique 作宾补。

⑯ In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.

  • 翻译：在比赛的最后几秒，乔丹似乎总能找到取胜的办法。
  • 语言点：
    • in the final seconds of 在……的最后几秒。
    • seem to do 似乎做。
    • a way to win 取胜的办法（不定式作定语）。

⑰ Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.

  • 翻译：乔丹说，他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。
  • 语言点：
    • that the secret … is learning … 宾语从句。
    • the secret to (sth/doing) ……的秘诀（to 是介词）。
    • learning from failures 动名词作表语。
  • 难点：★ the secret to + 名词/动名词；动名词作表语。

⑱ “I can accept failure, everyone fails at something. But I can’t accept not trying.”

  • 翻译：“我可以接受失败，每个人都会在某件事上失败。但我不能接受不去尝试。”
  • 语言点：
    • accept failure 接受失败。
    • fail at sth 在某事上失败。
    • not trying 动名词的否定形式（not + doing）。
  • 难点：★ 动名词的否定 not doing；can’t accept not trying 表强烈态度。

⑲ Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up.

  • 翻译：输掉比赛教会了他更努力地训练，永不放弃。
  • 语言点：
    • Losing games 动名词短语作主语。
    • teach sb to do 教某人做。
    • practise harder and never give up 两个并列的不定式（省 to）。
  • 难点：teach sb to do 后接并列动词时，第二个动词前可省 to。

⑳ In life, Jordan has learnt to share his success with others.

  • 翻译：在生活中，乔丹学会了与他人分享他的成功。
  • 语言点：
    • learn to do 学会做（区别 learn doing）。
    • share sth with sb 与某人分享某物。

㉑ The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.

  • 翻译：他在芝加哥创办的”男孩女孩俱乐部”自 1996 年以来一直在帮助年轻人。
  • 语言点：
    • which he started 定语从句，修饰 Club。
    • has been helping 现在完成进行时，表从过去持续到现在。
    • since 1996 自 1996 年起。
  • 难点：★ 现在完成进行时 has been doing，强调动作持续。

Going Positive（写作范文）关键句

㉒ I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.

  • 翻译：我总是想长得像电视上那些苗条的女孩，尽管我知道那是不可能的。
  • 语言点：
    • want to do 想做。
    • even though 即使、尽管（= even if），引导让步状语从句。
    • that it was impossible 宾语从句。
  • 难点：even though 引导让步状语从句。

㉓ Then I read an article that said instead of asking “Am I fat?” I should be asking “Am I fit?”

  • 翻译：后来我读到一篇文章，说与其问”我胖吗？“，我更应该问”我健康吗？”
  • 语言点：
    • that said … 定语从句，修饰 article。
    • instead of (doing) 而不是、代替（后接动名词）。
    • should be asking 应该问（进行时表强调）。

㉔ Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.

  • 翻译：一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就开始改变了。
  • 语言点：
    • Once … 一旦（连词，引导时间状语从句）。
    • think about … rather than … 考虑……而不是……。
    • begin to do 开始做。
  • 难点：★ Once 作连词的用法；rather than 表”而不是”。

㉕ By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier.

  • 翻译：通过对自己和自己的身体保持积极的态度，我变得更加快乐和健康。
  • 语言点：
    • By doing 通过做……（方式状语）。
    • be positive about 对……积极。
    • both happier and healthier both … and … 连接两个比较级。
  • 难点：★ By + 动名词表方式；both … and … 并列结构。

易错点整理

#错误形式正确形式错因防错提醒
1You didn’t go, did you? — Yes, I didn’t.— No, I didn’t.（事实是没去）中英回答习惯相反。Yes 永远接肯定，No 永远接否定，以事实为准。
2I am late, am not I?I am late, aren’t I?I am 的反意疑问特殊。I am → aren’t I（固定）。
3Let’s go, will we?Let’s go, shall we?Let’s 的反意疑问误用。Let’s … → shall we?；Let us … → will you?
4He never comes late, doesn’t he?He never comes late, does he?含否定词的句子误用”前肯后否”。never/hardly/few/little 视为否定，后接肯定。
5He used to smoke, used he?（不规范）He used to smoke, didn’t he?used to 的反意疑问形式。口语常用 didn’t he；正式可用 usedn’t he。
6The secret of his success is …The secret to his success is …介词搭配错。the secret / key / answer to + 名词。
7I can’t accept not to try.I can’t accept not trying.动名词否定形式误用。accept doing；否定为 not doing。
8He is impressive at his skills.His skills are impressive. / He is impressed by his skills.-ing/-ed 主语混淆。-ing 描述事物；-ed 描述人。
9Rather than to watch TV, I read.Rather than watch TV, I read.rather than 后误加 to。rather than 后接动词原形（前后对称）。
10I stopped to compare myself with …I stopped comparing myself with …stop to do / doing 混淆。stop doing 停止做；stop to do 停下来去做。
11He failed the exam in.（漏介词）He failed in the exam. / He failed the exam.fail 搭配错。fail (an exam) 或 fail in (an exam)。
12She was injured in her leg.（中式）She injured her leg. / Her leg was injured.受伤表达不自然。injure + 身体部位（及物）。
13He pretended falling down.He pretended to fall down.pretend 后误用 doing。pretend to do（不用 doing）。
14Compare with her, I am taller.（误作介词）Compared with her, I am taller.compare 误用现在时。作状语用过去分词 compared with / to。
15He has been helping us for 1996.He has been helping us since 1996.since / for 混淆。since + 时间点；for + 时间段。

写作素材与表达积累

本单元写作任务是 a page in a wellness book（健康日记），核心是对比过去与现在（show similarities and differences），描述自己积极的改变。

健康日记结构（与单元 Reading for Writing 一致）

段落功能可用表达
开头描述过去的问题/状态I always wanted to … / I worried about … / I tried every …
转折触发改变的原因Then I read / heard … / Instead of … I should …
改变描述现在的做法与对比Rather than … I … / I would say … / I added …
结尾总结积极结果By being positive, I became both happier and healthier.

表”相似与差异”的高分句型（本单元写作重点）

表相似（similarities）：

  • … like / so / too / still …
  • similarly / similar to …
  • the same (…) as …
  • in common (with) …
  • both … and …

表差异（differences）：

  • instead / than / however / but / though
  • different from …
  • rather than … / instead of …
  • the difference is …

描述”过去 vs 现在”的实用句式

  • I used to …, but now I …
  • In the past, I …, but now I …
  • Instead of doing A, I do B.
  • Rather than do A, I do B.
  • By doing …, I …

本单元可写入”健康/健身”的话题词汇

  • 健身：work out, fitness, lose weight, put on weight, sweat, push-ups, go jogging
  • 饮食：diet, a balanced diet, no-fat, low-fat, cut out, add healthy foods
  • 心态：positive, rather than, instead of, compare with, make a difference
  • 目标设定：I want to run … / I want to be able to do …

连接词与过渡

  • 表转折/对比：but, however, instead, rather than, instead of
  • 表因果：because, so, therefore, as a result
  • 表顺序：First, … Then, … Finally, …
  • 表总结：in short, all in all, by doing …

专题练习

一、词汇与短语（基础）

  1. 用所给词的正确形式填空（compete / determine / injure / fail / impress / grace / honour / positive）。

    (1) Her ________ was tested when the team was falling apart.
    (2) One of the best players had been ________.
    (3) Jordan’s skills were ________.
    (4) Everyone ________ at something, but we should learn from it.
    (5) Children who ________ in a sport will learn how to deal with stress.
    (6) Lang Ping brought ________ to her country.
    (7) He changed basketball with his ________ moves.
    (8) By being ________, I became both happier and healthier.

  2. 选用方框中的短语填空（每个限用一次）。

    lose heart　fall apart　give up　set a good example　rather than　instead of　deal with　make a difference

    (1) Lang Ping did not ________ when facing difficulties.
    (2) The team that she had built was ________.
    (3) Jordan taught us to practise harder and never ________.
    (4) Athletes should ________ for young people.
    (5) ________ watching TV, I will go jogging.
    (6) I added a salad ________ cutting out the foods I enjoyed.
    (7) Sports help children learn how to ________ stress.
    (8) A small change can ________ to your life.

二、语法（巩固）

  1. 给下列句子加上正确的反意疑问句。

    (1) It’s a beautiful day, ________?
    (2) You didn’t go to the game, ________?
    (3) Let’s play soccer, ________?
    (4) He has never been to Beijing, ________?
    (5) There is a basketball game this Saturday, ________?
    (6) I am late, ________?
    (7) He used to smoke, ________?

  2. 根据事实回答下列反意疑问句。

    (1) A: You went to the game, didn’t you?（事实：去了）
    B: ________, ________.
    (2) A: You didn’t watch the match, did you?（事实：看了）
    B: ________, ________.

三、句型与写作（提升）

  1. 用 rather than 改写：I will not watch TV. I will read a book.（合并为一句）

  2. 用 By doing … 改写：I practised every day. I improved my English.

  3. 写一段不少于 80 词的”健康日记”，描述你过去和现在在锻炼或饮食方面的积极改变。要求：

    • 包含”过去问题 → 改变 → 现在做法 → 积极结果”的结构；
    • 至少使用 3 处表”相似或差异”的句型（instead of / rather than / both … and … 等）；
    • 至少使用 5 个本单元词汇或短语。

练习答案与解析

一、词汇与短语

  1. (1) determination（determination was tested 决心受考验）。
    (2) injured（had been injured 受伤，被动）。
    (3) impressive（修饰事物 skills 用 -ing）。
    (4) fails（everyone fails 每个人都会失败，一般现在时）。
    (5) compete（compete in a sport 参加比赛）。
    (6) honour（bring honour 带来荣誉）。
    (7) graceful（graceful moves 优雅的动作）。
    (8) positive（by being positive 通过积极）。

  2. (1) lose heart（灰心）。
    (2) falling apart（正在瓦解，过去进行时）。
    (3) give up（放弃）。
    (4) set a good example（树立榜样）。
    (5) Instead of（而不是，后接动名词）。
    (6) rather than（而不是，后接动名词 cutting）。
    (7) deal with（处理、应对）。
    (8) make a difference（产生影响）。

二、语法

  1. (1) isn’t it（前肯后否）。
    (2) did you（前否后肯）。
    (3) shall we（Let’s … → shall we?）。
    (4) has he（含 never 视为否定，后接肯定）。
    (5) isn’t there（there be 句型保留 there）。
    (6) aren’t I（I am → aren’t I，固定）。
    (7) didn’t he（used to → didn’t he）。

  2. (1) Yes, I did（事实是去了，Yes 接肯定动作）。
    (2) Yes, I did（事实是看了，虽然问句是否定形式，但 Yes 仍接肯定动作）。
    （解析：反意疑问句的回答以事实为准，与问句形式无关。）

三、句型与写作

  1. Rather than watch TV, I will read a book.
    （解析：rather than 后接动词原形，与 will read 前后对称。也可用 Instead of watching TV …）

  2. By practising every day, I improved my English.
    （解析：By + 动名词表方式，作状语。）

  3. 参考范文：

GOING POSITIVE

I always wanted to be thin, and I worried about my weight all the time. I tried every new diet I read about online—no-fat, low-fat, only fruits—but I almost went bananas.

Then I read an article that changed my thinking. Instead of asking “Am I fat?” I started asking “Am I fit?” Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. I began to work out three times a week—jogging, swimming, and doing push-ups. I set clear goals: I wanted to run two kilometres in ten minutes.

I stopped comparing myself with models and actresses. By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. I have learnt that fitness is more important than weight.

（点评：包含”过去问题 → 改变 → 现在做法 → 积极结果”四段结构；使用 Instead of / Rather than / both … and … 等对比句型；用上 worried about / diet / work out / compare with / go bananas 等单元词汇。）

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