Unit 2 Travelling Around - 单元知识专题
知识关系导航
本文件整合 Unit 2 的阅读语篇、单词短语、重点句子、语法讲解和作文表达，是本单元唯一保留的学习入口。学习时按“阅读理解 → 单词与句子 → 语法归纳 → 写作迁移”的顺序使用。
专题定位
本专题围绕人教版高中英语必修第一册 Unit 2 Travelling Around（环游世界）整理。解决的核心问题是：把单元里散落在听力、阅读、语法、写作各栏目的语言点串成一张可复习、可迁移的知识网，帮助你系统回顾旅行话题下的词汇、现在进行时表将来的语法、两种阅读文体（百科条目 / 旅游手册）的识别，以及旅行计划邮件（travel plan email）的写作套路。
适用阶段：
- 刚学完 Unit 2，需要梳理巩固；
- 月考 / 期末复习，需要快速回顾本单元词汇、语法和阅读重点；
- 写作训练，需要积累”旅行计划”邮件的表达素材。
涉及教材与栏目
| 教材 | 单元 | 涉及栏目 | 本专题对应内容 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 必修第一册 | Unit 2 Travelling Around | Reading and Thinking | 主阅读 Peru（百科条目）+ Travel Peru（旅游手册）深度解读 + 逐句解读 |
| 必修第一册 | Unit 2 Travelling Around | Discovering Useful Structures | 现在进行时表将来（present continuous for future plans） |
| 必修第一册 | Unit 2 Travelling Around | Reading for Writing | 旅行计划邮件（A Travel Plan to Xi’an）的句型与表达 |
| 必修第一册 | Unit 2 Travelling Around | Listening and Speaking / Talking | 旅行准备、订票订房等话题词汇 |
核心词汇
释义以教材与本单元语境为准；标 ★ 的为本单元语境重点词。
| 单词 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文释义 | 单元例句 | 常见搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ★ destination | n. | a place to which sb is going | 目的地 | Cusco is a popular destination for tourists. | reach one’s destination / a tourist destination |
| ★ amazing / amazed | adj. | surprising; filled with surprise | 令人惊奇的；感到惊奇的 | … be amazed by this ancient city. / It is an amazing sight. | be amazed at / by sth |
| ★ unique | adj. | being the only one of its kind | 独特的；独一无二的 | … plants and animals unique to the rainforest. | be unique to (sth) / a unique style |
| ★ powerful | adj. | having great power | 强大的；强有力的 | … the powerful ancient Inca Empire. | a powerful country / a powerful weapon |
| ★ emperor | n. | the ruler of an empire | 皇帝 | The Inca emperor lived in Machu Picchu. | (the) Emperor of … |
| ★ empire | n. | a group of countries ruled by one ruler | 帝国 | … the Inca Empire. | the Roman Empire / build an empire |
| ★ official | adj. / n. | approved by authority; a person in authority | 官方的；官员 | Spanish is the main official language of Peru. | official language / an official document |
| ★ flight | n. | a trip by plane; a plane making a trip | 航班；飞行 | A short flight from Cusco takes you … | book a flight / a direct flight / take a flight |
| ★ accommodation | n. | a place to live or stay | 住处；膳宿 | … your accommodation in the middle of the forest. | book accommodation / provide accommodation |
| ★ explore | vt. / vi. | to travel through to learn about | 探索；勘探 | … exploring the rainforest with a local guide. | explore (sth) / explore for (oil) |
| ★ extremely | adv. | very | 极其；非常 | Jiuzhaigou is an extremely beautiful place. | (修饰形容词/副词) extremely + adj./adv. |
| ★ admire | vt. | to respect and like; to look at with pleasure | 钦佩；欣赏 | … admire the architecture. | admire sb for sth / admire the view |
| ★ architect / architecture | n. | person who designs buildings; the style of building | 建筑师；建筑（风格） | … amazing architecture. | modern architecture / an architect of … |
| ★ civilisation (BrE) | n. | an advanced stage of human society | 文明 | … the Inca civilisation. | ancient civilisation / Western civilisation |
| ★ ancient | adj. | very old; from long ago | 古老的；古代的 | … the ancient Inca Empire. | ancient times / an ancient city |
| ★ sight | n. | a thing worth seeing; the ability to see | 景象；风景；视力 | It is an amazing sight. | see the sights / at first sight / out of sight |
| ★ statue | n. | a figure made of stone, metal, etc. | 雕像；塑像 | … more than 8,000 statues were made … | a statue of (sb) |
| ★ tomb | n. | a grave | 坟墓 | … to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang. | a royal tomb / dig a tomb |
| ★ unearth | vt. | to dig up; to discover | 发掘；挖掘 | … the tomb which still has not been completely unearthed. | unearth sth / unearth a secret |
| ★ guard | n. / vt. | a person protecting sth; to protect | 卫兵；守卫；保卫 | … to guard the tomb … | guard against (sth) / a guard dog |
| ★ discover | vt. | to find sth for the first time | 发现；找到 | … some farmers discovered the tomb … | discover sth / discover that … |
| ★ contact | n. / vt. | communication; to reach sb | 联系；接触 | … please contact us on our official website. | contact sb / be in contact with |
| ★ package tour | n. | a holiday arranged at a fixed price | 包价旅游 | … other package tours around Peru. | book a package tour |
| ★ visa | n. | an official mark allowing entry | 签证 | … apply for a visa. | apply for a visa / a tourist visa |
| ★ passport | n. | an official book for travel abroad | 护照 | … get a passport for her visa. | a passport photo / show one’s passport |
| ★ reserve / reservation | v./n. | to keep for future use; an arrangement kept | 预订；预约 | Make reservations for a trip. | reserve a room / make a reservation |
| ★ rent | v. / n. | to pay for the use of; money paid for use | 租用；租金 | We rented a car. | rent sth from sb / for rent |
| ★ economy | n. / adj. | the system of money; the cheapest class | 经济；经济舱 | … travel business class or economy? | economy class / the economy |
| ★ credit card | n. | a plastic card for buying on credit | 信用卡 | … pay by credit card. | pay by credit card / a credit card bill |
派生词补充：power → powerful → powerless；amaze → amazing → amazement；official → officially → officer；explore → explorer → exploration；build → builder → building；civilise → civilisation；discover → discovery。
教材词汇补充：旅行准备与文本识别
| 词汇 | 语境义与搭配 |
|---|---|
| castle | n. 城堡；Neuschwanstein Castle |
| apply / pack | v. 申请；收拾行李；apply for a visa / pack some clothes |
| arrangement | n. 安排；make travel arrangements |
| source | n. 来源；a source of information |
| narrow / flat | adj. 狭窄的；平坦的；narrow, dry, flat land |
| recognise / type | v. 认出、识别；n. 类型；recognise the type of text |
| type / brochure | n. 类型；n. 资料或广告手册；text type / a travel brochure |
| path | n. 小路；路线；walking paths through the mountains |
| make up | 构成；形成；be made up of |
| soldier | n. 士兵；Inca soldiers |
| transport / hike | n. 交通运输；v./n. 徒步旅行；means of transport / go hiking |
| credit / detail | n. 信用；n. 细节；credit card / travel details |
| request / comment | n. 请求；n./v. 评论；make a polite request / comment on a plan |
| view | n. 景色；看法；a beautiful view / in my view |
核心短语与固定搭配
| 短语 | 释义 | 例句（优先取自单元原文） | 用法提示 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ★ take control of | 控制；接管 | Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century. | = gain control of；lose control of 失去控制。 |
| ★ be unique to (sth) | ……所独有的 | plants and animals unique to the rainforest | 后接名词。 |
| ★ other than | 除了；不同于 | … nothing was needed … other than the perfect fit of the stones. | = except；常用于否定句。 |
| ★ so that | 以便；结果 | Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed … | 引导目的/结果状语从句。 |
| ★ take a flight / take a boat | 乘飞机 / 乘船 | A short flight from Cusco takes you into the Amazon rainforest. | take + 交通工具。 |
| ★ spend time doing | 花时间做 | You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest. | spend time/money doing（不用 to do）。 |
| ★ look forward to (doing) | 期待 | … looking forward to going to the Shaanxi History Museum. | to 是介词，后接名词/动名词。 |
| ★ be known as | 作为……而闻名 | … this museum is known as a “Chinese treasure house”. | 区别 be known for（因……出名）。 |
| ★ can’t wait to do | 迫不及待要做 | I can’t wait to go. | 后接动词原形。 |
| ★ apply for | 申请 | … apply for a visa. | 后接名词。 |
| ★ book a ticket / room | 订票 / 订房 | … book air tickets online / book a hotel room. | book = reserve。 |
| ★ make a reservation | 预订 | Make reservations for a trip. | = book。 |
| ★ get around | 各处走动；出行 | How is she planning to get around after she arrives? | = travel around。 |
| ★ by air / by sea / by train | 乘飞机 / 乘船 / 乘火车 | How is she going to get there? By air. | by + 交通方式（不加冠词）。 |
| ★ on the way to | 在去……的路上 | … amazing paths through the Andes Mountains on the way to the city of Machu Picchu. | 后接名词/动名词。 |
| ★ be made of | 由……制成（看得出原料） | Both the island and the Uros homes are made of water plants. | 区别 be made from（看不出原料）。 |
| ★ be made up of | 由……组成 | The roads were made up of two north-south highways … | = consist of。 |
| ★ be popular with | 受……欢迎 | Machu Picchu is very popular with tourists. | = be well received by。 |
| ★ in modern times | 在现代 / 近代 | … no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s. | 区别 in ancient times。 |
| ★ right away | 立刻；马上 | … will start sightseeing right away. | = at once / immediately。 |
| ★ check in / check out | 办理登记入住 / 结账离开 | … check in/check out date. | 宾馆/机场用语。 |
| ★ economy class / business class / first class | 经济舱 / 商务舱 / 头等舱 | Would you prefer business class or economy? | 机舱等级。 |
| ★ a one-way / return flight | 单程 / 往返航班 | book a return flight this time? | return = round-trip（美）。 |
听说与写作中的补充搭配
- get ready for 为……做好准备；get ready for the trip
- research the local weather 查当地天气；book tickets online 网上订票
- rent a car 租车；pack some clothes 收拾衣物
- make travel arrangements 安排旅行；have a plan for the holiday
- go sightseeing 观光；start sightseeing right away 立即开始观光
- send photos 发送照片；hope to hear from you soon 希望尽快收到你的来信
重点句型
句型 1：现在进行时表将来（be doing for future plans）
- 结构：主语 + am/is/are + doing（常配表示将来的时间状语）。
- 例句（单元原文）：
- I’m travelling around Europe for two weeks with my aunt and uncle.
- My parents are taking me to Hong Kong during the October holiday.
- We ‘re taking the train, leaving the day before the October holiday begins.
- 使用条件：表示已经安排好、计划好的将来活动，多用于个人旅行计划、行程安排。
- 仿写：We are flying to Shanghai next Monday.
句型 2：It is amazing that … / It is hard to (do) … 形式主语
- 例句（单元原文）：It’s amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s.
- 结构：It is + adj. + that 从句 / It is + adj. + to do。
- 仿写：It is hard to imagine how the pyramids were built.
句型 3：so that … 以便 / 结果
- 例句（单元原文）：Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together.
- 辨析：so that 表目的（从句常有 can/could/will）vs so … that … 表结果（so + adj./adv. + that 从句）。
- 仿写：He got up early so that he could catch the train.
句型 4：spend time doing sth 花时间做
- 例句（单元原文）：You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest.
- 拓展：spend time/money on sth；spend time/money (in) doing sth。
- 对比：It takes sb time to do；sth costs sb money。
句型 5：look forward to doing 期待做
- 例句（单元原文）：My dad and I are both looking forward to going to the Shaanxi History Museum.
- 注意：to 是介词，后接动名词/名词，不能接动词原形。
- 仿写：I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
句型 6：… is known as … 作为……而闻名
- 例句（单元原文）：… this museum is known as a “Chinese treasure house”.
- 辨析：be known as（作为……出名）/ be known for（因……出名）/ be known to（为……所知）。
- 仿写：Hangzhou is known for the West Lake.
核心语法
本单元语法焦点：现在进行时表将来（Present Continuous for Future Plans）
本单元 Discovering Useful Structures 的核心是：用”am/is/are + doing”表示已经安排好的将来计划，而不是表示”此刻正在做”。
一、基本用法
| 用法 | 形式标志 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 表已经安排好的将来计划 | 配将来时间状语（tomorrow, next week, this weekend, in December） | We are meeting at 10:00 a.m. tomorrow. |
| 表此刻正在做 | 配 now, at the moment 或上下文 | I am reading a book now. |
关键判断：看是否有明确的将来时间状语或计划安排语境。如 “What are you doing this weekend?” 中 this weekend 是将来时间，故 are doing 表将来。
二、可与现在进行时表将来互换的结构
| 结构 | 侧重点 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be doing | 已经安排好的个人计划 | We’re leaving tomorrow. |
| be going to do | 打算/打算做；即将发生 | It’s going to be sunny tomorrow. |
| will do | 当场决定；预测；一般将来 | I’ll write again soon. |
易错点：be doing 不能用于”客观事实、时刻表”的将来（如 The train leaves at 9:00. 用一般现在时）；不能用于没有明确安排的”个人一时念头”（用 will）。
三、形式—意义—使用三步分析
以单元句 “My parents are taking me to Hong Kong during the October holiday.” 为例：
- 形式：are taking（现在进行时）。
- 意义：表”已经计划好”的将来动作，不是”正在带我去”。
- 使用：配将来时间状语 during the October holiday，强调计划性。
四、单元中表将来的多种结构对比
| 原文句 | 结构 | 是否表将来 |
|---|---|---|
| I ‘m travelling around Europe for two weeks. | be doing | ✓ 已安排的计划 |
| I ‘ll visit my grandparents in December. | will do | ✓ 一般将来/意愿 |
| I ‘m going to drop it. | be going to | ✓ 即将发生 |
| She will apply for a visa soon. | will do | ✓ 一般将来 |
课文原文阅读
以下保留教材 Reading and Thinking 的两类主阅读语篇：百科条目与旅游手册。建议先比较文体，再进入后面的结构和逐句分析。
Peru
Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.
In the 1400s and 1500s, Peru was the centre of the powerful ancient Inca Empire. The Inca emperor lived in the now-famous site Machu Picchu. Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
Travel Peru
Amazon Rainforest Tour
A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.
Machu Picchu Tour
This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through the Andes Mountains on the way to the city of Machu Picchu. After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city. Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.
Cusco Tour
Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century. Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture, enjoy the excellent local food, and go shopping at the local markets.
Lake Titicaca Tour
Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca. There, a boat will take you to stay with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes are made of water plants from the lake.
So come and experience what Peru has to offer: everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries-old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline.
For more brochures about other package tours around Peru, please contact us on our official website.
单元阅读语篇深度解读
本单元主阅读是两篇对比文体：一篇**百科条目（encyclopedia entry）介绍秘鲁概况，一篇旅游手册（travel brochure）**推介四条旅游线路。本单元的阅读策略训练点是 Recognise text type（识别文体）。
语篇一：Peru（百科条目）
| 维度 | 解读 |
|---|---|
| 体裁 | 百科条目（encyclopedia entry）——客观介绍一个国家的基本情况。 |
| 主题语境 | 人与社会——不同国家的地理、历史与文化。 |
| 语言特点 | 客观、准确、信息密度高，多用一般现在时陈述事实，无主观评价，无第二人称号召。 |
| 内容结构 | 地理位置（Pacific coast, three main areas）→ 历史（Inca Empire → Spanish rule）→ 官方语言（Spanish）。 |
| 写作意图 | 提供关于秘鲁的客观事实信息。 |
语篇二：Travel Peru（旅游手册）
| 维度 | 解读 |
|---|---|
| 体裁 | 旅游手册 / 广告（travel brochure / advertisement）——推介旅游产品，吸引游客。 |
| 语言特点 | 主观、有吸引力、有号召力：用第二人称 you 直接对话，用 you’ll / you can 营造参与感；用形容词 amazing / unique / beautiful 增强感染力；结尾用祈使句 “So come and experience…” 号召行动。 |
| 内容结构 | 四条线路并列（Amazon Rainforest Tour / Machu Picchu Tour / Cusco Tour / Lake Titicaca Tour）→ 总结号召。 |
| 写作意图 | 推介旅游线路，吸引游客报名。 |
文体识别对比
| 维度 | 百科条目（encyclopedia） | 旅游手册（brochure） |
|---|---|---|
| 人称 | 第三人称（Peru is …） | 第二人称（you can …） |
| 时态 | 一般现在时（陈述事实） | 一般现在时 + 将来时（you’ll spend …） |
| 形容词 | 少、客观（powerful, main） | 多、华丽（amazing, unique, beautiful） |
| 句式 | 陈述句为主 | 陈述句 + 祈使句（So come and …） |
| 目的 | 提供信息 | 推销 / 号召 |
旅游手册的四条线路结构
| Tour | 天数 | 交通 | 住宿 | 活动 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Rainforest | 4 days | flight + boat | forest accommodation | 探索雨林、看动植物 |
| Machu Picchu | 4 days | walking | （未明） | 徒步、探索古城、看印加建筑 |
| Cusco | 4 days | （未明） | local hotel | 享受文化、看博物馆、购物 |
| Lake Titicaca | （未明） | car + boat | local home | 乡村风光、住 Uros 家庭 |
逐句分析与解读
选自 Peru（百科条目）与 Travel Peru（旅游手册）及 Terracotta Army。每句给出：原句 / 翻译 / 语言点 / 难点提示。
Peru（百科条目）
① Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.
- 翻译：秘鲁是一个位于南美洲太平洋沿岸的国家，有三个主要地区：沿 海岸延伸的狭窄、干燥、平坦的土地、安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林。
- 语言点：
- on the Pacific coast of … 介词短语作定语，表位置。
- with three main areas 介词短语作定语，修饰 country。
- running along the coast 现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 land。
- 难点：一个长句用 with + 名词 + 分词把多个信息串起来，是百科文体的典型句式。
② In the 1400s and 1500s, Peru was the centre of the powerful ancient Inca Empire.
- 翻译：在 15 世纪和 16 世纪，秘鲁是强大的古代印加帝国的中心。
- 语言点：
- in the 1400s and 1500s 在 15、16 世纪（= in the 15th and 16th centuries）。
- the powerful ancient Inca Empire 多个形容词修饰名词，顺序为”观点—年代—产地—名词”。
- 难点：形容词排序容易混淆，需要结合名词短语的层次理解。
③ The Inca emperor lived in the now-famous site Machu Picchu.
- 翻译：印加皇帝住在如今著名的遗址马丘比丘。
- 语言点：
- now-famous 复合形容词”如今著名的”。
- site n. 遗址、地点。
④ Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821.
- 翻译：西班牙在 16 世纪控制了秘鲁，并统治到 1821 年。
- 语言点：
- take control of 控制、接管。
- rule v. 统治；until 1821 直到 1821 年。
- 难点：until 表”直到某时（动作持续到那时）”。
⑤ It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
- 翻译：正是由于这个原因，西班牙语才是秘鲁的主要官方语言。
- 语言点：
- It is … that … 强调句型，强调 for this reason。
- official language 官方语言。
- 难点：★ 强调句 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分；去掉 It is … that 后句子仍完整。
Travel Peru（旅游手册）
⑥ A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest.
- 翻译：从库斯科出发的一段短途飞行，带你从安第斯山脉进入亚马逊雨林。
- 语言点：
- a short flight 一段短途飞行。
- take sb from … into … 把某人从……带到……。
- you 第二人称，体现旅游手册的对话感。
- 难点：flight 作”航班/飞行”时，主语可以是 flight 本身（A flight takes you …）。
⑦ From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest.
- 翻译：从那里，你将花一天时间乘船前往位于森林中部的住处。
- 语言点：
- spend (time) doing 花时间做（doing 不可换 to do）。
- travel by boat 乘船旅行。
- accommodation n. 住处（不可数）。
- 难点：★ spend time doing 是易混结构，不能写成 spend time to do。
⑧ You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.
- 翻译：然后你可以花三天时间，在当地导游陪同下探索雨林，欣赏雨林特有的动植物。
- 语言点：
- spend time doing A and doing B 平行结构。
- unique to the rainforest 形容词短语作后置定语，修饰 plants and animals。
- 难点：unique to（……特有的）后接名词。
⑨ This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through the Andes Mountains on the way to the city of Machu Picchu.
- 翻译：这趟为期四天的徒步旅行将带你走过通往马丘比丘城途中安第斯山脉的奇妙小径。
- 语言点：
- four-day walking tour 复合形容词（数词-名词单数）作定语。
- take sb on … paths 带某人走……小径。
- on the way to 在去……的路上。
- 难点：复合形容词中的名词用单数（four-day，不是 four-days）。
⑩ After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city.
- 翻译：到达目的地后，你将有一天时间探索并被这座古城所震撼。
- 语言点：
- After reaching … 介词 after + 动名词作时间状语。
- have a day to do 有一天时间做。
- be amazed by 被……震撼。
- 难点：after 作介词时后接动名词。
⑪ Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building.
- 翻译：尤其令人惊叹的是印加人的干式石头砌筑法。
- 语言点：
- Especially amazing is … 全倒装（表语前置）强调 amazing。
- method of building 建造方法。
- 难点：★ 全倒装结构，形容词短语放句首起强调作用，主语在后。
⑫ Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.
- 翻译：印加工匠把石头切割成精确的尺寸，以至于除了石头本身的完美契合外，不需要任何东西来把墙固定在一起。
- 语言点：
- cut … to exact sizes 切割成精确尺寸。
- so that 以致于（结果状语从句）。
- hold … together 把……固定在一起。
- other than 除了（= except）。
- 难点：so that 在此表结果（从句为过去事实，无情态动词）。
⑬ Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century.
- 翻译：花四天时间在安第斯山高处的库斯科享受独特的西班牙与当地印第安文化，库斯科是从 13 世纪到 16 世纪印加帝国的首都。
- 语言点：
- Spend (time) doing 祈使句开头（旅游手册典型句式）。
- high in the Andes 副词短语作地点状语。
- the capital of the Inca Empire … 作 Cusco 的同位语。
- 难点：同位语补充说明前面的名词。
⑭ So come and experience what Peru has to offer: everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries-old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline.
- 翻译：所以来体验秘鲁所能提供的一切吧：从古老的印加文化、有数百年历史的西班牙村庄，到深邃的雨林、高山和美丽的海岸线。
- 语言点：
- come and experience 祈使句，旅游手册的号召句式。
- what Peru has to offer 宾语从句。
- from … to … 从……到……。
- 难点：from A to B 中 A、B 是并列的名词短语。
Terracotta Army（阅读写作配套）
⑮ Come and see the Terracotta Army: more than 8,000 statues were made in the third century BCE to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang!
- 翻译：来看看兵马俑吧：公元前三世纪制造了八千多尊雕像，用来守卫中国皇帝秦始皇的陵墓！
- 语言点：
- Come and see 祈使句（手册/广告典型）。
- to guard the tomb 不定式表目的。
- in the third century BCE 在公元前三世纪（BCE = Before Common Era）。
- 难点：不定式 to guard 表目的。
⑯ Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.
- 翻译：每尊雕像都有不同的面孔，这让研究人员相信每一尊都是一个真实士兵的复制品。
- 语言点：
- leading … to believe 现在分词短语作结果状语（“从而导致”）。
- lead sb to do 导致某人做。
- a copy of ……的复制品。
- 难点：★ 现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。
⑰ The statues fill only one part of the emperor’s huge tomb, which still has not been completely unearthed.
- 翻译：这些雕像只占了皇帝巨大陵墓的一部分，而这座陵墓至今仍未被完全发掘。
- 语言点：
- fill … part of 占据……的一部分。
- which … unearthed 非限制性定语从句，修饰 tomb。
- has not been completely unearthed 现在完成时被动语态。
- 难点：★ 非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，which 指代前面的 tomb。
⑱ More than 700,000 people worked for nearly 40 years to build this tomb.
- 翻译：七十多万人花了近四十年时间建造这座陵墓。
- 语言点：
- work for (time) to do 花时间工作去做。
- to build 不定式表目的。
- 难点：More than = over（超过）。
⑲ However, no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a well!
- 翻译：然而，直到 1974 年一些农民在挖井时发现这座陵墓之前，近代没有人知道这座陵墓或兵马俑！
- 语言点：
- in modern times 在近代。
- not … until … 直到……才。
- when … discovered 非限制性定语从句，修饰 1974。
- while they were digging 过去进行时，表”当时正在做”。
- 难点：★ not … until 句型；when 引导定语从句修饰时间名词。
作文写作与表达素材
教材写作示例原文：A Travel Plan to Xi’an
To: xl@youthlife.com
Subject: A travel plan to Xi’an
Dear Xiao Li,
My time here in China is going well. I love my new school and classmates. Over the October holiday, my parents and I are planning to go to Xi’an to see the Terracotta Army. I’ve heard that it is an amazing sight, and I can’t wait to go. To me, the story of the Terracotta Army is almost unbelievable. It’s amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s.
We’re also planning to visit several other places in Xi’an. My dad and I are both looking forward to going to the Shaanxi History Museum, because my dad loves history and I have heard that this museum is known as a “Chinese treasure house”! We’re also going to the Xi’an City Wall and a few other famous sights.
We’re taking the train, leaving the day before the October holiday begins. We’re arriving at 9:30 a.m. and will start sightseeing right away, so I hope we sleep well on the train!
I guess that’s all for now! I’ll write again soon and send photos! Do you have any plans for the coming holiday? Hope to hear from you soon.
Your friend,
Richard
配套阅读原文：Terracotta Army
Come and see the Terracotta Army: more than 8,000 statues were made in the third century BCE to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang! Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier. The statues fill only one part of the emperor’s huge tomb, which still has not been completely unearthed. More than 700,000 people worked for nearly 40 years to build this tomb. However, no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a well!
本单元写作任务是 travel plan email（旅行计划邮件）。下面整理可直接迁移到写作的素材。
旅行计划邮件结构（与单元 Reading for Writing 一致）
| 段落 | 功能 | 可用表达 |
|---|---|---|
| Para 1 | 开场 + 主要目的 | My time here is going well. / Over the holiday, my parents and I are planning to go to … to see … |
| Para 2 | 其他计划 | We ‘re also planning to visit … / We ‘re also going to … |
| Para 3 | 交通安排 | We ‘re taking the train, leaving … / We ‘re arriving at … |
| Para 4 | 结尾感想 | I guess that’s all for now! / I’ll write again soon. / Hope to hear from you soon. |
表”将来的计划”的高分句型（现在进行时为主）
- 主语 + am/is/are + doing + 将来时间：We’re leaving tomorrow.
- 主语 + am/is/are going to do：We’re going to the City Wall.
- 主语 + will do：I’ll write again soon.
- I’m looking forward to doing …
- I can’t wait to do …
表”情感/惊叹”的高分句型（适用于描写风景）
- It is an amazing sight. / It’s amazing that …
- I’m amazed (at / by …).
- I can’t believe it. / … is almost unbelievable.
- It’s hard to imagine …
本单元可写入”旅行计划”的话题词汇
- 目的地：destination, tourist destination, ancient city, museum, the Great Wall, Terracotta Army
- 准备：get a passport, apply for a visa, book tickets, book a hotel room, rent a car, pack clothes
- 交通：by air / by train / by car, flight, take the train, one-way / return
- 活动：explore, admire the architecture, enjoy the local food, go sightseeing, visit museums
- 感受：amazing, unique, beautiful, unbelievable, can’t wait to
连接词与过渡
- 表顺序：First, … Then … After that, … Finally, …
- 表并列：also, as well as, both … and …
- 表原因/结果：because, so, so that, therefore
- 表总结：in short, all in all, that’s all for now
重点与易错点
本单元重点
- 语篇主线：先从旅行准备进入目的地介绍，再通过百科条目和旅游手册比较信息组织方式，最后迁移到旅行计划邮件。
- 语法主线：现在进行时表将来强调已经安排好的计划，常与具体时间、交通和行程安排同时出现。
- 表达主线：旅行写作要交代目的、地点、活动、交通和情感，信息顺序要清楚，不能只堆景点名称。
易错辨析
| 易错形式 | 正确表达 | 判断依据 |
|---|---|---|
| spend three days to explore | spend three days exploring | spend time 后接动名词，不接不定式。 |
| I am amazing. | I am amazed. / It is amazing. | 人感到惊讶用 amazed；事物令人惊讶用 amazing。 |
| be made from water plants | be made of water plants | 原材料仍能看出时用 be made of；发生化学变化或看不出原料时用 be made from。 |
| by the air / by a train | by air / by train | by + 交通方式通常不加冠词；也可说 take a train。 |
| look forward to do | look forward to doing | look forward to 中的 to 是介词。 |
| so that 只表示“以便” | so that 也可表示“结果” | 目的从句常含 can/will；结果从句描述实际发生的结果。 |